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|website = (www.municusco.gob.pe ) }} Cusco (), often spelled Cuzco (, (:ˈkusko); (ケチュア語:Qusqu ''or'' Qosqo), ), is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region as well as the Cusco Province. In 2013, the city had a population of 435,114. Located on the eastern end of the Knot of Cuzco, its elevation is around . The site was the historic capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th into the 16th century until the Spanish conquest. In 1983 Cusco was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It has become a major tourist destination, receiving nearly 2 million visitors a year. The Constitution of Peru designates it as the Historical Capital of Peru.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Constitución del Perъ de 1993 )〕 ==Spelling and etymology== The indigenous name of this city is ''Qusqu''. Although the name was used in Quechua, its origin has been found in the Aymara language. The word is derived from the phrase ''qusqu wanka'' ('Rock of the owl'), related to the city's foundational myth of the Ayar Siblings. According to this legend, Ayar Awqa (''Ayar Auca'') acquired wings and flew to the site of the future city; there he was transformed into a rock to mark the possession of the land by his ''ayllu'' ('lineage'). The Spanish conquistadors adopted the local name, transliterating it into Spanish phonetics as ''Cuzco'' or, less often, ''Cozco''. ''Cuzco'' was the standard spelling on official documents and chronicles in colonial times, though ''Cusco'' was also used. ''Cuzco'', pronounced as in 16th-century Spanish, seems to have been a close approximation to the Cusco Quechua pronunciation of the name at the time.〔Cerrón-, Rodolfo. "Cuzco: la piedra donde se posó la lechuza. Historia de un nombre". ''Lexis''. Año 2006, número XXX, volumen 1, pp.151-52. Consulta: 24 de mayo de 2011. <()>〕 As both Spanish and Quechuan pronunciation have evolved since then, the Spanish pronunciation of 'z' is no longer close to the Quechuan pronunciation of the consonant represented by 'z' in "Cuzco". In 1976, the city mayor signed an ordinance banning the traditional spelling and ordering the use of a new one, ''Cusco'', in the municipality publications. Nineteen years later, on 23 June 1990, the local authorities formalized a new spelling related more closely to Quechan: ''Qosqo''. In English, both "s"〔(Rough Guide for Cusco )〕〔(CIA factbook for Peru )〕 and "z"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cuzco Travel Information and Travel Guide – Peru )〕 are accepted, as there is no international, official spelling of the city's name. The city's international airport code is still CUZ, reflecting the earlier spelling. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cusco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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